“基础写作”解题指导

高三英语备课组

写作测试一般考查学生的语言表达能力、对内容控制的能力、基本写作技巧与文体意识。2007年广东高考英语科考试说明写作部分采用了基础写作的测试题型，本题主要考查学生是否具有基本的语言表达能力和基本的写作技巧。写作内容已经在题目中给出，学生的写作压力不大。

基础写作的内容可以分为三大类：文字类、表格类和图画类，难度从低到高排列。我们知道，语篇是内容上的联系与形式上的联系相互结合的结果，前者决定后者，后者可以使前者逻辑关系更加鲜明。下面这个例子说明了形式上的联系在语篇中的作用。

例 1：

原稿：

We take part in some social activities. These activities benefit us a lot. These activities widen our knowledge. We can put our study into practice and that can enrich our experience. These experiences can help us solve many difficult problems and supplement our knowledge.

改后：

We take part in some social activities, because they benefit us a lot. For one thing, these activities can widen our knowledge. For another, we can put our study into practice to enrich our experience, which will help us solve many difficult problems and supplement our knowledge.

例 1 通过改善句与句之间的逻辑衔接来提高短文的连贯程度。因此，我们可以参照此办法来设计基础写作的解题过程。下面我们以一个例子进行基础写作指导。

例2：

请根据下面的写作内容，用英语写一篇日记，记录你救落水小孩的经过。

[写作内容]

2005年12月26日，星期天下午，晴，我在公园内看见几个小孩在池塘滑冰，听到呼救声，发现一小男孩落水。我救出男孩并实施急救，待其恢复知觉后，电话通知其家长。

[写作要求]

1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容；

2．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文；

3．注意日记的形式。

第一步：句子的组织

用汉语把所给的内容切分成5个意义关联但又相对独立的部分（意群）。例如，本文可以这样处理：

1. 今天下午我去公园，看见许多男孩在池塘滑冰。

2. 突然我听到有一小男孩掉进水中喊救命。

3. 我马上跳进冰冷的池塘中，救出男孩，将其拖向安全地。

4. 我对男孩进行急救，使他恢复知觉。

第二步：各个句子本身的复杂度和语法、用词的准确性

    例如对于第一句This afternoon I went to the park. I saw several boys skating in the pond.我们用从句进行句子合并，即：

This afternoon I went to the park, where I saw several boys skating in the pond.

文章初步定型为：

1.This afternoon I went to the park, where I saw several boys skating in the pond.

2.I heard a boy crying for help, who had fallen into the water.

3.I jumped into the icy water and managed to pull the boy to safety.

4.The boy was given first aid and soon came to himself.

5.The boy’s parents, who came after my phone call, thanked me for my saving their child.

第三步：句与句之间的连贯性

例如，考查第1句与第2句之间的关系，可以在第2句开头加上suddenly,从而使内容更加紧密、流畅。最后，定稿为：

December 26, Sunday                                           Fine

       This afternoon I went to the park, where I saw several boys skating in the pond. Suddenly I heard a boy crying for help, who had fallen into the water. So I jumped into the icy water immediately and managed to pull the boy to safety. Then the boy was given first aid and soon came to himself. The boy’s parents, who came after my phone call, thanked me for my saving their child.