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高考英语书面表达技巧指南(四)

  4)“Only +状语+特定动词+主语+谓语…” 例如: 
  ①Only by this means can I do this work well.“只有用那种方式我才能
做好此工作。” 
  ②Only because he was ill did he not come to school.“只因为他有病
了才没有来上学。”
  ③Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.“只有那时,我才认
识到我错了。” 

  (5)“Not only +特定动词+主语+谓语…but also+主语+谓语…” 例如

  Not only did he learned English well but also he spoke French very 
well.“他不但英语学得好,而且法语讲得很流利。” 

  (6)whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or… 

  (7)“主语+doubt+whether + 从句.”// “主语+特定否定词+doubt+
that+从句.” 例如:
  I don’t doubt that he will come this afternoon.“我确信他下午一定
能来。” 

  ㈤平时学生书面表达中常见的错误类型及应对策略 

  ⒈常见错误: 

  ⑴格式错误
  有的考生不能正确地运用书信或日记的格式。A)书信常有五部分:①信头:右
上角写上收信人的地址和写信日期; ②称谓; ③正文; ④结束语, 常用的有Yours 
sincerely/Yours truly/Yours faithfully…; ⑤签名。B)日记格式:顶格写上
月、日、年和星期,右边写上天气情况。 

  ⑵词序错误 
  ①并列的人称代词做主语时,I没有放在最后。例如:I, you and he are 
all League members. 
  ②没弄清英语中真正的主语。例如:Without a friend will feel lonely. 
  ③修饰语错位。例如:He very likes dancing. 

  ⑶时态错误 
  动词时态的错误是高考英语书面表达中最常见的错误之一,也是考生运用语言
的能力差的显著标志之一。如2002关于公园收不收门票的讨论的介绍,陈述讨论
的语句通常用一般现在时:Sixty of the students of our school think it is 
unnecessary to charge an entrance fee. They think that……不少考生表达
为Some people thought that…… 

  ⑷句子不完整 
  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解不完整的句子,可是书面语
就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以
后,又想加些补充说明时发生.例如: There are many ways to know the 
society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .应改为:There 
are many ways to know society, for example, by TV ,radio ,and 
newspaper. 

  ⑸内容表达错误
  这种错误一般说来是审题不清所致。如2003年的书面表达,正确内容是:I’
ve found a flat for you. It’s a small one of 25 square meters with a 
bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. The house is near No 11 bus stop on 
Fang Cao Street and the school is at the next stop.有不少考生表达为:“I
’ve found a flat of 25 square kilometers. It’s in No.11 Fang Cao 
Street.” 

  ⑹句子与句子之间缺少衔接造成意思过渡不平稳
  例如:把He worked hard. He failed the exam.改为He worked hard. 
However, he failed the exam.就比较好。 

  ⑺习惯用语使用错误
  如:将 to my surprise 表达为 to my surprised;将in my spare time 表
达成 at my spare time; 将He didn’t lose heart though he failed.表达为
He didn’t lose his heart though he failed. 

  ⑻没有利用恰当的代词,给人于重复的感觉
  例如:把My father is a worker. My father works in a big company. 改
为My father is a worker. He works in a big company. 就比较好。 

  ⑼单词运用错误
  写作中常见考生因分不清单词的词性而产生错误。大致有:
  a.将vi.用成vt.如:come the city/return the place 
  b.将adj.用成vt.如:Please present on time. Don’t absent! 
  c.将u.n.用成c.n.如:a good news/many informations
  d.将adj./adv.使用错误.如:in the recently years/study hardly; 
  e.将prep.用成v.如:Many overpasses arounded the city. The road 
throughed the city. 
  f.将名词的单/复数使用不当。如:There are lots of high building. // 
Most of the people have private car. 句中building应改为buildings;句中
car应改为cars。
  g.句子的主谓不一致:如:A large number of beautiful buildings has 
been built. 句中has应改正为have。
  h.常用词拼写错误:如:beautiful写成beautful; believe写成belive; money
写成moneny…
  i.在叙事文中通常会运用一般过去时态,所以就出现了动词的过去式,尤其是
不规则动词的过去式的拼写错误很普遍的现象。如:visitted/ hurted/ writed/
…. 
  j.不定冠词的使用错误:如:send a e-mail to you(an)/ Even a overpass 
has been built…(an)/ He graduated from an university.(a) 
  k.虚词错误:①冠词的漏用和误用, 如:My father is worker. ②缺必要的
连结词或连结词多余, 如:He likes swimming, I like climbing. 

  ⑽不间断句子,即几个句子连在一起,看起来似乎是一个句子 
  例如:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.应改为:
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或 There 
are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside 
world. 

  ⒉应对策略: 

  我们知道,英语书面表达是对英语语言知识的积极运用。它包括两大方面:
一是内容,即写什么;二是表述,即如何用语言把内容表述出来。为了避免所存
在的问题并提高英语书面表达能力,宜从以下几方面去努力。 

  ⑴强化英语基本句型。句子是文章的基本框架,在文章中起着桥梁的作用。
对学生来说,英语书面表达最基础的还是选词造句,使句子正确通顺,符合英语
表达习惯。 

  ⑵分析并诵读课文。课文是句型的延伸与扩展,分析课文的选词造句、连接
手段、篇章结构等,并有意识地诵读课文,这有利于学生对基本句型的巩固与运
用,有利于他们提高语言组织能力以及写作素材的积累和语感的形成。 

  ⑶加强听说训练。听力与口语训练能促进学生用英语进行思维,为学生写出
地道的英语打下坚实的思维基础。 

  ⑷参加英语兴趣小组活动。英语兴趣小组能为学生提供运用英语的机会,丰
富写作素材,从中也可以培养对英语的兴趣,而兴趣是学习的最好的老师,它能
帮助你学好英语,当然也包括书面表达。 

  ⑸坚持用英语写日记。把自己当天的所见所闻、所感所悟用英语记下来,坚
持不懈,这样熟能生巧,必有利于英语书面表达的提高。