高考英语书面表达技巧指南(五)


　　㈥如何提高书面表达的档次，争取得高分甚至满分？ 

　　不少同学们可能很不理解：考试时，写出的书面表达要点齐全，表达也正确，可就是不知道为什么打不上高分。是啊，为什么呢？今天，我们就来研究如何解决这个问题。 

　　首先让我们来看近年来全国高考英语书面表达的评分标准：第五档（很好）：“覆盖所有主要内容；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；达到了预期的写作目的。” 

　　可见，高考书面表达评分标准在语言的运用上对考生提出了更高的要求。也就是说在考查考生语言准确性的基础上，进一步强调了用词的得体性、表达方式的多样性。如果同学们仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使要点齐全，表达没有语法错误，也不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受，因此很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。评分标准给我们传递了另外一个信息，如果有意识地使用较高级词汇或复杂结构，即使有些错误，也不扣分，仍属于最高档次。 

　　因此要使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来，从而提高书面表达的档次。我认为同学们应着力于从以下三个方面来增强书面表达的效果。 

　　⒈学会使用较高级的词汇 

　　词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子： 

　　⑴Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. 
　　Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. 

　　⑵We all think he is a great man. 
　　We all think highly of him. 

　　⑶Suddenly I thought out a good idea. 　…came upon … 
　　A good idea occurred to me. /A good idea suddenly struck me. 
　
　　⑷The students there needn’t pay for their books. 
　　Books are free for the students there. 

　　⑸As a result the plan was a failure. 
　　The plan turned out (to be) a failure. 

　　⑹When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow. 
　　At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow. 

　　⑺She went to Austria in order to study music. 
　　She went to Austria for/with the purpose of studying music. 

　　⑻When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. 
　　The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. 

　　⑼In our school, there are twenty–six classrooms. 
　　Our school is made up of twenty–six classrooms./Twenty–six classrooms make up our school. 

　　⑽You can find my house easily. 
　　You’ll have no trouble/difficulty finding my house. 

　　⒉学会使用较丰富的句式 

　　在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。例如： 

　　⑴When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式） 
　　→On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail. 

　　⑵To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句） 
　　→What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 
　　(That the littler girl knows so many things surprises him.／It surprises him that the littler girl knows so many things .) 

　　⑶Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句) 
　　→Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort. 

　　⑷He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型 ①.It was… ②.not until…) 
　　→①It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. 
　　→②Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. 

　　⑸I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虚拟语气） 
　　→①I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help. 
　　→②If you had not helped me, I could not have passed the physics exam. 

　　⑹She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词) 
　　→Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. 

　　⑺They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式) 
　　→Singing and laughing, they went back to school. 

　　⑻I won’t believe what he says. （使用状语从句） 
　　→No matter what he says, I won’t believe. 

　　⑼If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句） 
　　→Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress. 

　　⑽He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句) 
　　→No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.